The Effect of Salt Concentration on Grass Growth Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Salt Concentration on Grass Growth EssayOur aim was to trial run the effect of several(predicate) salinities on the offset of plants which what we did was bard different arrives of salt dissolved into 2 litres of peeing, water supply the plant once with the salt water consequently for 9 long time with pure ware. I found with my investigation that the less the salt, the more the growth of the plant. My aim was achieved by measuring the 5 fastest geminating (out of 20) and to rhythm the differences in growth of the plant.I also had a few difficulties in the duration of this experiment which were the sunlight on the plants direct which made the plants to begin to die and also the highest common salt plant was not growing. Introduction High salinity in the root zone effects the growth of many plant species (stunted growth), low salinity in the root zone affects the growth of this type of plant (higher growth) and/or no effect on both. Total growth and leaf area are affected. assorted plant species may have different tolerances to salinity in this case we are geminating mung garrets, Still the high amounts of salt concentration that are bow can cause the Mung beans germination rate to grow poorly and cause it to die at a faster rate. Having salt water in the roots can have an effect of less water being absorbed in which causes the plant to dry out. (1) Mung bean plants grow up to 18 to 36 inches this investigation bequeath show if different amounts of salt (Nacl) will affect the growth of the average Mung Bean. 2)The average mung bean growth without any salt concentrations is 2 to 3 feet long. (3)This Experiment was carried out to see if Saltwater had affects to Mung beans and their growth. The Main aim of this experimental Investigation is to test the theory that Mung Bean growth is affected if there are High amounts of Salt in the water present in the plant. The 5 different parts to this experiment will be to set up 5 Groups of M ung Beans and in each one a different Salt concentration. (No salt, 1. 25g, 2. 5g, 5g, 7. g) eitherwhere a period of time they will be measured and referred back to the hypothesis to compare its relevance.It was Hypothesized that if the Salt Concentration in the water is increased then the Growth of The Mung bean will be effected and decrease from its normal growth rate. Materials and Method Five circular sheets of cotton wool wool was slew and put into styrafoam cups. 20 mung bean seeds were added to each cup then marked with a permanent marker group 1-5 with amount of salt watered with. Place in a safe/dry place where sun is not directly pointing on.Next you are to make up salt solutions and measure each plant with correct salt solutions of 40ml each. For group (1) will have no salt in the water, group (2) will be watered with water that has 1. 25g salt dissolved in 2L (0. 06% NaCI w/v), group (3) will be watered with water that has 2. 5 g salt dissolved in 2L water (0. 123% Na CI w/v), group (4) will be watered with water that has 5 g salt dissolved in 2L water (0. 25% NaCI) and group (5) will be watered with water that has 7. 5 g salt dissolved in 2L water(0. 375% NaCI w/v) all of which of the same temperature.Be sure to keep a sample of the water in case your plant dies and you need to begin the experiment again. Ensure all conditions (same position with same sunlight kept on for the whole ecstasy days, the correct level of salt is measured and correct amount of water is measured for the salt to dissolve, keep the temperature of the water the same every time you water, use the same amount of water to each which hydrates the plants, use same size containers for each group, ensure you use the same measuring equipment and measure at the same time of the day, every day).I observed the germinating seeds twice a day, once in the morning and once at night. I apply a ruler to measure the height at 730pm for the whole ten days, recorded my results in a results table (a table to record the dater you catch in the experiment). Results Over the 10 days of this experiment, notes were made on the observations. For the first few days, the measurements and physical appearance remained average/ almost the same. Afterwards for the following measurements and be days, the plants started to show discoloration and groups number, 1, 4 and 5 showed browning in the leaves and stem.For the remaining groups everything stayed the same and the measurements increased by a fair amount each day. As the last days approached, the last two groups were showing wrinkling and shrinking in the stem and leaves. The roots had died out and the plant started to bend overmatch and eventually was laying on the bed of cotton wool in a brown color. (Measurements shown in figure 1) Discussion The final results of the experiment on the 10th day were, group 1 (0g of salt) 100mm, group 2 (1. 25g of salt) 108. 5mm, group 3 (2. g of salt) 100. 5mm, group 4 (5g of salt) 51mm and group 5 (7. 5g of salt) 46mm. The average results showing that by having more salt in the water have a chance of the plants to dry out faster is high.Having salt in the soil doesnt always make the plants die, this is shown in the results above that the high salinity helps the growth of the plants but only by a small amount. (2) The last two groups had the least(prenominal) growth, showing that having high amounts of salt affects the plants ability to absorb water into the roots. 1) It has also supported that high amounts of salt can cause the plants to shrink in a small amount of time, which in the experiment the last two groups show that. Problems with the placing of the plants might have had too much sunlight coming through to perchance improve the growth of the beans, the plants didnt have enough time to grow properly and have more further and specific results. Other days in the process it would rain but others it would be really sunny which didnt make it very accurate because some days the plants didnt even arise to grow at all or they would die out because of the sun.The experiment could go for longer, to improve the results as they would have been different with salutary 10 ten days of growth, even less. The placing of the mung beans could have been chosen better, a place where there is less sunlight and less interference. The surface could have been better than just cotton wool, we could of used soil rather than wool which the beans may have grown better or the groups could have had half soil and half cotton wool on the plate to compare which is the better choice.

The Time Machine and the Modern World Essay Example for Free

The Time Machine and the Modern World EssayThe Time Machine, written by H.G. well, focuses on contemporary sociable questions. Through the progression of the story rise delineates various interrelated social issues that existed in Victorian England. Wells reflects on the exploitation of the workings associate and the prohibit effect of modern technology on partitioning struggle in a capitalist society. He also puts forward a rather inappropriate opinion about(predicate) how the advent of communism can render humans into being frail, weak and not so innovative like the Elois. In my opinion, Wells Marxist critique of capitalism can prove to be a plausible factor in the demise of our civilization and steer us towards the dystopian future that is depicted in the novel.As paraphrased from Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century, Marxism is an economic and socio governmental worldview, developed by ren witnessed German political economist and socialist revolutio nary, Karl Henrich Marx. It mostly focuses on class struggle due to the alienation and exploitation of the working class in a capitalistic society. (Gregory, Stuart 62) crystallize inequality, class struggle or exploitation of the working class has always been a motivating factor for every historical revolution. Karl Heinrich Marx, a German political economist and socialist revolutionary, in his publication The commie Manifesto, describes the nature and annals of the conflict between the Bourgeoisies and Proletarians due to class inequality and struggle. In the sign introductory line he writes, The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles (01). Marxs based his publication on the depreciation and exploitation of the working class Proletarians by the impression class, the Bourgeoisie, in a capitalist society. In the manifesto, he depicts how the Bourgeoisie rule over the Proletarians by the take hold of private property and class the Proletarians as the labor force with no such value as humans. The Proletarians are enforced to work with minimum charter and extended hours. Although the Proletarians are portrayed as the slaves of the Bourgeoisies, Marx represents the proletarians as a unique class.They have the miserable existence they share in common, which also aids in good communication and brotherhood among them. After being subjected to such alienation and discrimination the Proletarians revolt, overthrow the Bourgeoisies and assume control over all private property. The hard-hitting characteristic of this revolution is that in previous revolutions, which were caused by social issues, property was relocated in favor of the new ruling class. However, the Proletarians had no way of differentiating class among themselves since they all belonged to the alike class, and hence no way of relocating property. Therefore, when the Proletarians assume control, they destroy all ownership of property and in the process abolish the class system, thus bringing about the communist society that is based on common ownership. The Communist Manifesto points this out as the march of history (42, Sec 1, per centum 1).The analytical approach of Marxs manifesto about class struggle and exploitation in capitalist society is echoed throughout The Time Machine. The Morlocks are the working class in this tale of two humanoid species. And Wells indicates that after being exploited by the Elois, the Morlocks, like the Proletarians, start the march of history and economise the Elois, of their private ownership (Marx 42). But since the Morlocks were so derogatively exploited and alienated from normal society, they evolved into different beings that cant survive in bright light conditions. The Morlocks had to impress underground. Therefore, with no existing class system and abolition of capitalistic society, both the races began living a communal lifestyle. I agree with Wells theory about a similar sort of event taking place in the future that would divide humans in a more distinctive and permanent way and bring about the demise of civilization.Wells very astutely manages to tell us how the use of modern technology can cause class struggle and also at the same eon hinder human capabilities. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx stresses on the negative effect of introducing modern technology into a capitalist society. He writes that the Proletarians can survive as long as they are employed. They are treated as commodities, whose price fluctuates with the supply and demand of the market. With the excogitation of machines and introduction of division of labor, the proletarians are rendered less efficient. The Bourgeoisies opts for more specialized machines which produce higher output than manual labor.The Proletarians are made redundant and are without each money or food. This causes the Proletarians to plummet further down the class system which adds to their brewing turmoil. This later incites their rev olt or as quoted by Marx himself, March of history against the ruling Bourgeoisies. (Sec. 1, Part 2) Wells shows, the possibility of an event like this, in his book by the time travelers deduction of the Elois, being the ruling class, pushing the Morlocks further down the class system due to the introduction of technology and their over dependence on it.In the beginning of the novel, The Time Machine, the time traveler thinks that the Elois are frail and their communal lifestyle is what is keeping the world so trouble free. To him it seemed desirable, as it is something every society thrives for. But at the same time it seemed strange. The advent of communism among the Elois and Morlocks has made their life easier. Since property has common ownership and an easy life has made them strive less for innovation and change. This is pellucid in most of the communist countries today. As compared to their capitalist counterparts, most of the communist countries are still hindering behind i n terms of social, cultural and expert advancements. This actually puts forward the question, Which socio-political order is more useful? Capitalism or communism?From what I have derived from Wells novel is that both socio-political orders have their own pros and cons. But history has shown that every time any of these orders have pushed a class of people to their extreme, the pendulum swings back and balance is restored to the system by any of the argue classes. For Example The French Revolution, The Slave revolt of Spartacus, Hungarys Revolt against Communism in 1956. Wells portrays this restoration of balance but he also shows how due to that, the pendulum swung in a completely opposite direction for the Elois and Morlocks and thus causing a demise of the modern human civilization. In my opinion, from this repetition of restoration of balance, there go out come a point in time when a change would be so devastating that it would totally alter the world and its socio-political o rder.In a nutshell, I would say that the adventure story of Wells novel includes many archetypal elements. The tale of 802,701 is a political commentary of late Victorian England. He recommends that current society must change its ways if it doesnt want to end up like the Elois, terrified of an underground race of Morlocks. In the book, Wells lampoons the decadence of Elois caused by communism and provides a Marxist critique of capitalism that incited the dawn of the Morlocks. I concur with Wells views, in The Time Machine, are pertinent to our world and can bring about the breakdown of the human culture.Works CitedWells, H.G. The Time Machine. Penguin Books, 1895. Print. Gregory, Paul R., and Robert C. Stuart. Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century. 7. South Western, Cengage Learning, 62. Print. Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich. The Communist Manifesto. Section 1, Bourgeois and Proletarians (Part 1 2), 42. February 21 (1848). Web.

Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane Eyre

Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane EyreVisions of Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane Eyre. there are considerable ironies in the fact that, of the two freshs considered here, it is Jane Eyre which is far more profoundly concerned with the possibility of female independence in a male-dominated world. bloody shame Shelley was the daughter of bloody shame Wollstonecraft, the proto-feminist, and of the radical thinker Godwin. She was the wife of the revolutionary poet Shelley, and a friend of Byron. Yet Frankenstein, for all its shocking subject matter, is in many ways a conventional work of its time, a sort of encyclopedia of wild-eyed attitudes, and its vision of the role of women makes little attempt to disturb the accepted views of her contemporaries. Charlotte Bront, by contrast, was a vicars daughter, whose most intense experience, it might be argued, was within her take in family group, and who lastly married a clergyman, and yet Jane Eyre is an intense exp loration of a womans efforts to infrastand and maintain the integrity of the self-importance against innumerable pressures the absolutism of Mrs Reed, the bullying of Brocklehurst, the inevitable inferiority of being the salaried employee of Rochester, and later his gilded possession, and then the massive egotism of St John Rivers in its guise as unearthly selflessness. The longing for independence is indeed the central issue of the novel, and it is the intensity of the vision and the complex and unhysterical analysis of Janes experience that give the novel its importance. Of course, the protection of the self is not just a female issue it figures largely in Arthur Clennams story and in Pips. precisely for nineteenth-century women it had a particular poignancy, and as Jane longs for a wider tone than that liberty chited by Lowood, she declares that Women are supposed to be very calm generally but women come up just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties, and a f ield for their efforts as much as their brothers do (Bront, 1966, 141). The work is, as Margot Peters says, a novel essentially radical in its preoccupation with the themes of independence and liberty for the subjugated sex, Victorian woman (Peters, 1973, 148).To apply a feminist critique to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein must be a matter of some tact. There is little evidence of a direct influence of her mothers ideas in the novel, though the critic Charles Robinson has argued that she was fully assured of her mothers views, and was proud of her parentage. He claims that A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and Frankenstein (1818) aretwo radically different English romantic works that nonetheless address similar issues about education and parenting. Mary Shelley may make believe been denied direct advice and nurturing from her mother, but she could at least indirectly seek that parents wisdom by reading her works. (Buss, Macdonald and McWhir,128).Frankenstein is full of the i deas of its time. The monsters story is a study in Rousseauism. The landscape is Wordsworthian. Byronic and Beethovenian images can be discover in the notion of exploring, going beyond. Similarly the presentation of women in the novel is typical of its time. Men are the explorers, the scientists, the travelers, while women stay at home and offer affection, stability and compassion. Walton at the beginning of the novel is writing letters to his dear sister at home, a wife, who is my dear, excellent Margaret and whom he thanks for all your sexual love and kindness (Vol I, Letter I, 18), while he asks do I not deserve to accomplish some great purpose? (ibid, 17). He writes of the master of the ship, who had plotted to marry a Russian lady. He selflessly released her from the engagement when she revealed that she loved someone else, but her father insisted on the original match for financial reasons. She was bathed in tears, and, throwing herself at his feet, intreated him to spare he r (Vol I, Letter II, 21). She is entirely in thrall to male power, and only the generosity of the master saves her. What a noble fellow (ibid, 21). Such episodes hardly reflect the conditions of the time. It is unlikely that Mary Shelleys aim in this episode was to stir rebellion. Walton sees his sister as a mother figure. His youth was spent under your palliate and feminine fosterage (ibid, 20) which has refined and civilized him. This the monster notably lacks.Frankensteins story presents the female actors in a very restricted role. Elizabeth is the novels central positive female force, the beautiful and adored companion of all my occupations and my pleasures (ibid, 37). Curiously, she is presented to Frankenstein as a sort of property, mine to protect, love, and cherish. All praises bestowed on her I received as made to a possession of my induce (ibid, 37). This piece of charming childish naivety in his thinking has an edge that must labour on the modern reader.The educations of Frankenstein and Elizabeth are most revealing. She is of a calmer and more concentrated disstance while he is more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge. So while she interested herself in such(prenominal) girly things as contemplating the magnificent appearances of things, I delighted in investigating their readys (Vol I, ch.II, 38). Girls do arts subjects, while boys do sciences There is a tendency to stereotype here. Elizabeth has a saintly soul (ibid, 39), but acts largely as a supporter of others, Her sympathy was ours her smile, her soft voice, the sweet stare of her celestial eyes, were ever there to bless and animate us. She was the living spirit of love to soften and attract (ibid, 39-40). In fact she has little other role. Frankenstein is away(p) from home for six years, but we have very little information about what she does all that time, or what she thinks. After the death of the mother of the family (which, characteristically, is calm (Vol I, Ch. III, 45) ), Elizabeth explicitly takes over the mother role, the comforter to us all. She looked steadily on life, and assumed its duties with courage and zeal (ibid, 45), and the only thing she can do when Frankenstein leaves for the university is to bestow the conk out feminine attentions (ibid, 46) on him.The energy of life, even if misdirected, is left to Frankenstein himself, who pursues scientific knowledge with a passion which seems to be confined to men. Elizabeth writes, longing to help him in his illness, describing her own life as filled only with trifling occupations (Vol I, Ch VI, 66). Justine is another bearer of female charm and good nature She is very clever and gentle, and extremely sanely (ibid, 67). In fact all the women in the book share these harmless and undramatic positives. The only disagreeable one is the old woman in the Irish prison (Vol III, Ch IV). Elizabeth weeps over the death of William and blames herself, and Justine goes to her death full of benevolence an d piety.The monsters account of the De Laceys in their cottage continues the picture of the female as gentle guardian of the civilized. Agatha impresses him with her gentle manners (Vol II, Ch iii, 110), her job is preparing food, comforting the old man and arranging the cottage (ibid, 111). Safie is noted for a countenance of angelic beauty and way (Vol II, Ch V, 119) and is characteristically occupied in wiping a few tears from her lovely eyes (ibid, 120). She sings like a nightingale of the woods (ibid, 121). Her generous nature is shady by her fathers duplicity and tyranny (Vol II, Ch VI, 129). It is here that the monster begins to reflect on his own lack of parents, though it is the role of father he invokes from the papers he discovered in the coat pocket I learned that you were my father, my creator (Vol II, Ch VIII, 141). He has seen so few mothers, after all But the monster privations a mate, effectively an Elizabeth for himself My virtues impart necessarily arise when I live in communion with an equal. I shall feel the affections of a sensitive being, and reverse linked to the chain of existence and events, from which I am now excluded (Vol II, Ch IX, 151). The female will offer sensitivity and compassion.If a concern for independence seems absent from Mary Shelleys women, for Jane Eyre it is a constant desire, and something by which she defines herself. She seeks liberty, not simply for license, but in justice to her sense of her own individuality. She will willingly serve, but not under conditions that violate that notion of self. At Gateshead she feels Speak I must I had been trodden on severely, and must turn (Bront, 68), not because she wants revenge, but because of an intolerable tint of injustice. She would fain exercise some better faculty than that of fierce speaking (70), but she is driven by the same drive that later will discharge her away from Rochester, a self-respect that will not be crushed. At Lowood she is again oppressed, by the bullying and hypocritical Brocklehurst, but here a resolving power is offered to her by Helen Burns, who reads Rasselas and demonstrates the power of a stoical courage in the face of adversity. Her advice is of immense value to Jane, but ultimately the super world qualities in Helen make it undoable to follow her. When Helen is unfairly punished Jane wonders How can she bear it so quietly? (84). Helen is right to tell her It is far better to endure patiently a burnished which nobody feels but yourself (88), but Jane is too red-blooded, to human and real to be able to accept Helens attitude. If Jane thinks too much of the love of human beings (101) as Helen says, that is a weakness that makes humanity valuable. Heaven and Hell cannot satisfy Jane, and Helens stoical quietism cannot satisfy her energetic self. Helen dies, perhaps indicating the impossibility of such a position for ordinary mortals, and Jane finds a satisf execution at the school under the intelligent Miss Temp le. But in time she must seek liberty at least a new servitude (117).Thus she comes to Thornfield and Rochester, who finds her interesting because of the very quality of independence and self-respect which drives all her actions. As Mrs Leavis says, The courtship scenes are peculiarly un-Victorian (17) in their emphasis on equality between the partners, the result largely of Janes refusal to act the role of the humble dependant in their conversations together. She finds his directness refreshing A reception of finished politeness would probably have confused me. The eccentricity of the proceedings was piquant (152). She is not frightened of him it is not in her nature to be so, such is her sense of the integrity of her selfhood. She is his employee, but I dont think, sir, you have the right to command me, merely because you are older than I (165). She likes his informality, but tells him that for boldness nothing free-born would submit to, even for a salary (166). He knows that Not three in three thousand raw schoolgirl governesses would have answered me as you have done (166), but delights in the freedom this leads to as much as she does. She feels she is being treated with true respect, and life opens up for her. When she goes away to Mrs Reeds deathbed, and shows her true maturity in her wish to be reconciled with her, her absence only clarifies for her what she loves about Thornfield. She has been able to live a full and delightful life (281) in which her precious self has at last been allowed to flourish. I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in (281). As he proposes to her he says my equal is here (282), the perfect tribute to her being, and the explanation of their mutual love.When she accepts his proposal she continues to fight with an almost instinctive strength against his attempts to convert her into a love object. She recoils from the irreality of his desire to load these fairy-like fingers with rings (287). She will not be an ape in a harlequins jacket (288), and would rather be a thing than an angel (291). She will not dress up for him, and hates the business in the silk warehouse (296). She feels annoyance and degradation (297), and thinks explicitly of the precious freedom of the self It would, indeed, be a relief if I had ever so small an independency (297). She feels that he has become a conventional lover, whose aim is possession. All this, of course, co-exists with a passionate love for him. And her decision to leave him after the revelations about Bertha is similarly driven primarily by the horror of betrayal of the self-sustaining self. To see her action as simply moral horror is as beside the point as to complain of her inability to take a more emancipated attitude. To stay with him I should then be your mistress (331), and to do this would make her the successor of these poor girls (339) he has kept before. As she thinks of her own insignificance in the eyes of the world who w ould mission if she did give way to him? what she hears is the voice of her own independent self I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself (344). Although she speaks of laws and training, it is the deep sense of the vital importance of her own integrity, her own self-respect, which drives her to act with such resolution.In the novel plot is replaced by a serial of revelatory episodes, each helping Jane to come to realization of what she truly desires. Her contact with St John Rivers clarifies what she wants and does not want. Being the teacher at the village school, for all its deprivations, is independent (381) and free and honest (386) compared with being Rochesters mistress, but Rivers self-denial is unattractive, ultimately because it is dishonest, a distortion of his true self from the bent of nature (387), and, at core, a subtle weapon to destroy her independence and swallow up her precious integrity . But, although his appeal has immense power over her, she knows enough now to resist. I want to enjoy my own faculties as well as to cultivate those of other people (415), and when happiness beckons I feel I have adequate cause to be happy, and I will be happy (417). She tells him that she scorns his idea of love, with its wretched self-abasement, and she knows now that God did not give me my life to throw away (439). When she finally devotes herself to Rochester it is anything but a sacrifice. What do I sacrifice? Famine for food, expectation for content (470).The circumstances of nineteenth-century women, in a world where the opportunities open to men were almost all closed to them, make Jane Eyre a radical and courageous document, though Janes concern to maintain the integrity of the self is a central human issue rather than simply a feminist complaint. In Mary Shelleys case it can hardly be argued that she is aware of or turbulent by the restricted role of women in her novel. Despite her own mothers views, it was difficult for her to escape from history, and from the deepest assumptions of her time. Indeed, if there is a feminist element in the book it is in the condemnation of characteristically male intellectual daring, and the dangers that result from the desire to go beyond the limits, which inspires Frankenstein to make his monster, and Walton to explore the Arctic. The primary pattern inherent feminist writing is that of Frankenstein, a world in which cerebral man and monster are one (Gordon, 428).Works CitedBront, C. Jane Eyre. Introduction by Q.D.Leavis. Harmondsworth Penguin, 1966.Gordon, L. Mary Wollstonecraft. capital of the United Kingdom Little, Brown, 2005.Peters, M. Charlotte Bront. Madison and London Univ of Wisconsin, 1973.Robinson, Charles. A mothers Daughter An Intersection of Mary ShelleysFrankenstein and Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.In Buss, Helen M., Macdonald, D.L. and McWhir, Anne. Mary Wollstonecraf t andMary Shelley. Writing Lives. Waterloo, Ontario Wilfrid Laurier U.P., 2001,pp.127-138.Shelley, M. Frankenstein. 1818 edition. Edited M.Hindle. Harmondsworth Penguin, 1992.

British Airways: SWOT and Porters Five Analysis

British Air looks SWOT and Porters Five abridgmentBefore establishing an analytic thinking of the financial death penalty of British Airways, and stating the main(prenominal) reasons as to why this administration has been elect as the pro pose case study of this report, the most predominant issue at hand is to assign financial and business performance. It performance of a certain agreement stands for a measure, which shows how a company muckle efficiently persona its assets from primary mode of business to produce receiptss and re rhythms. It nookie besides be considered as a measure of the everyplaceall financial performance of the blind drunk over a specific prone compass point or a scale to brand name equality of two or more souseds in a single industry. Researcher will provide a detailed account of signifi faecesce of financial performance, just now before that, a brief summary of BA as a jumper cable airway company of UK is necessary to explain.British Airw ays is the flag carrier airline of United Kingdom and it was first established in 1971 in Waterside. The airline was initially formed to control the two nationalized airlines already operating(a) in UK, i.e. BOAC, and BEA, as nearly as two other regional airlines operating in spite of appearance the country, Cambrian Airways, and Northeast Airlines. All these four airlines were wherefore liquefied to form British Airways which had very much larger infrastructure than any individual company and had high prospective earnings. In the recent times, British Airways provide air transport go as comfortably as deliver cargo shipments in to more than 90 countries all around the sphere.Reason for choosing the organizationThere argon flock of reasons as to why this particular organization has been chosen as subject case study. As we know the ongoing economic recession, and this has folded the developed countries into a sack up of economic decline. The rise of oil prices from $48 to $1 10 per barrel since the last 6 years is withal a reason for the deepest economic downturn for transporting companies. BA faces a challenge of a permanent shift in the business travelling where the larger organization do not prefer their employees to travel for shortly trips by paying high premium prices. The financial access that was pronto available few years ago is now declining and less finance is readily accessible and cash level is decreasing All three challenges force us to shit up an abridgment that would reveal the financial performance of British Airways over the three years period, i.e. 2007 2009.The review of the financial performance of any particular company that is facing a financial crisis would be the best begin to determine the factors and develop a clear understanding as to why the financial crisis is being faced by that company. A number of factors can be counted towards explaining the problem. Researcher has chosen the financial performance as the main indi cator for developing a clear understanding of the financial crisis BA is facing. The financial performance over a specific three years period would besides assist the enquiryer in making up the prediction concerning the future prospects, which would be base on the recognition of significant variables affecting the organization as hygienic as its financial performance. The next two sections would be based on controvertion of aims, objectives, and research questions raised by the researcher.Research AimThe main aim of the research is to make up an epitome of financial performance of British Airways (BA) over a three year period (2007-2009). Apart from the discussion of the financial performance, the report would as well be looking at the micro and macro economic factors that lead to the expansion and development of the overall growth of atmosphere industry in UK.Research ObjectivesTo analyze the financial performance of British Airways in lieu of the recent financial crisis, and forming an in-depth discussion of how the financial crisis has affected the revenue, cash balances, and argument prices of BA.To evaluate the factor s that lead to the direct effect on growth rate of the airline industry.To ascertain the macroeconomic as comfortably as microeconomic factors those affect the financial performance of BA.To understand the global trends and fashions pick out in the industry as vigorous as viewing the BA as playing a key role in global aviation industry.Observation of the effects of modern engine room on the performance of BA on financial and economic grounds.Research ApproachResearcher will make the most of qualitative as well as quantitative methods to ascertain the research objective and aims. The Qualitative method uses a number of approaches and it will be based on different a priori principles, much(prenominal) as Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Social interactions.The quantitative approach would also be taken, based on the principles of positivism, as well as neo-positivism. The approach would be based on the pre-designed standards which are developed before carrying out the actual research (Adams et al. 2007. The significance of qualitative and quantitative methods in a research project as fol piteouss If graduate students are to blend qualitative and quantitative research methods in their research study, they can profit at the outset from considering three questions How are the call qualitative and quantitative best defined? What are examples of qualitative and quantitative methods? How can the two methods be compatibly combined? (Murray, 2003)The argumentative reasoning adopted in this report would be based on inductive as well as deductive approach. Saunders et al. (2003) define the inductive approach as the one in which you gather info and form data analysis on the basis of which you develop a theoretical approach. On the other hand, they yield defined the deductive approach as the one where a hypothesis is developed first and then a research design is established to explore and test that hypothesis. The very(prenominal) useful approach is to attach both of the approaches to different philosophies the inductive can be considered more as qualitative approach, where as deductive as more of a quantitative approach (Saunders et al. 2003).Methods of Data collectionThere are two types of methods which are given on a down(p)er floor.Primary Data collection This data collection is based on interviews, group discussion, Informal Discussion, Debates, Surveys, Community meeting and events (Kumar, 1996).Secondary Data collection This data collection is based on books, journal, articles, websites, sensitivespapers, magazines, television and company financial reports (kumar, 1996).Data Collection processResearcher has apply mainly secondary opening imputable to availability of reliable and bona fide study. The sources that the researcher has used would basically concern the annual reports from 2007-2009 periods from the website of British Airways. The economic survey of United Kingdom, as well as stock prices would also be used to explore the financial performance of British Airways. Researcher has managed to gather these sources through secondary approach. Therefore the primary sources are not very much often used. The audited financial statements of British Airways are the most relevant source for data collection on the basis of which analysis would be conducted. These financial statements or other relevant data is attached in the Appendix at the end of the research study for the convenience of reader. Researcher has used reference books as well as ACCA text books of paper F7, F9 and P3.Use of secondary sources can be associated with legion(predicate) proceedss as well as disadvantagesAdvantagesAdams et al. (2007) have described the advantages as belowLarger delegate samples are available, which are considered well beyond the research of an individual researcher. Secondary data is an excellent source for inspecting the longitudinal data as well as other trends.Researcher can focus more on the data analysis as well as on its interpretation.Limitation of Data collectionAccording to Adams et al. (2007) the disadvantages of the secondary sources as belowData may not be compatible, or the nurture that has been collected for the data analysis may not be relevant to what is required.The research might be limited in impairment of its depth and information ga on that pointd might be odd or not up to date and recent concerns might have been over shadowed that can make the research and analysis outdated.The information might not be gathitherd from whole time period that should be covered and there might be found research gaps.Business and financial performance techniques usedResearcher would exploit the following four business and accounting techniques in this research think of cosmic string analysisPorters five forces analysisSWOT analysisFinanci al RatiosAs the above mentioned techniques will be elaborated below Value range analysisThis technique would be useful in gaining the competitive advantage as well as generation of the careholder value in the market. The analysis basically divides the business into a series of value-generating activities, known as value chain. The actual purpose of the value chain is to better understand the activities with the help of which the trusty develops competitive advantage with the course of time in the market. These activities can best be described by the following picture(Source http//www.provenmodels.com/26/value-chain-analysis/michael-e.-porter/)Porters five forces analysisThis technique allows an organization such as BA to seek for orthogonal forces, i.e. companies involved in market competition that tend to affect the competition within the airline industry. Porter five forces model is as follow.Source Book On Competition By Michael E. PorterMonczka et al. (2009) stated five com pass points as followsHighest level of competition in the market would lead to creation of more options and chances for buyers as well as providers.Risk of entry of new competitors in the market.The threat posed by substitute entrants, i.e. products and function.Extent and superpower of buyers.Extent and power of suppliers.The key limitation posed in this model is occurred when there is some innovative lawsuit in the market in terms of technological progress which may alter the whole status quo market structure in a very short span of time.SWOT analysisThis technique would analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats for BA through inside or outside forces. The main issue at hand then would be to minimize the threats as well as maximize the benefits by British AirwaysStrengthsBusiness strengths are, the things which business doing well or, it have which are better than others e.g. Loyal experienced personnel, efficient processes, Advanced IT systems, bette r customer care, or any other internal factor that leads to success. Strengths of an organization give it a competitive advantage over its competitorsWeaknessesActivities which an organization carries out unskilledly and dont have specialiser knowledge to perform in better way are weaknesses of the organization. These weaknesses are internal to organization.OpportunitiesThese are the factors which the management could take benefit of, e.g. new IT systems, latest technology t, new products etc.ThreatsThese are issues which can have harmful effect on the performance and activities of business. Threats are generally from outside the organization un corresponding its strength and weaknesses e.g. substitute products or economic downturn, and these factors are outside of control of organization.International institute of business analysis (2005-2009) A Guide to Business AnalysisEthical issuesAs a professional ACCA student it is my accountability to comply with ACCA five ethical principl es i.e. integrity, confidentiality, objectivity, professional competence and due care. It is therefore in my research I have not breached any of these ethical principles. So that research work make is not copied or duplicated and I have complied with oxford Brooks Universitys outline that is the used Harvard referencing system.Business status Of British AirwaysBritish Airways is leading scheduled premium worldwide airlines which flays to over 150 destinations and ha 250 planes in service. British Airways is based in UK and its main revenue earner is UK and in 2008/ 09 48% was generated from UK .22% was from continental Europe and from USA it was 17% and rest was from rest of the world.Since 2008, British Airways have taken many new initiatives to reduce their additional costs that can enhance their bread. They also have increased the number of flights including Africa as well as Central Asia. These flights will definitely help them in finding new routes and clients as well as cu tting down their overall costs. The new routes or flight might however not be very much profitable for them as the flights to central Asia and Africa are not organized very often and are not considered quite profitable routes. Another notable point is concerned with the bad performance of British Airways which was due to sudden rise in the prices of oil during the period 2007-2009.According to British Airways chief financial officers report, the profits reached record levels in 2007-08 as they achieved the target of 10% operating margin for the first time. scarcely for the year 2009 even though revenues were increased but operating costs were significantly increased which turn the profit in to want. Economic recession has hardly hit British Airways and exchange rates have also adversely affected on British Airways. Pound trackling has lost its value to euro and dollar.The increased fuel prices in years 2007-2009 have directly affected the revenue as well as profits of the industr y, whereas it is evident from the graph below that the reduced prices in oil have once again raised the profits of the firm to greater amount. The major loss incurred in 2007 by BA was due to the volatility in oil prices and devaluation of pound sterling against dollar and euro. The reduction in the number of riders lesser than the average annual rate was also low, which can be due to social and economic constraints on the individual level. Even though there was plenty of reason for economy shrinkage but British Airways sales were increased. The graph given below would explain the trends concerning revenues and profits of BA for the period of 2007-2009British Airways revenues increased from 8492 million in 2007 to 8992 million in 2009 and as in the graph above it can be seen that operating revenues are change magnitude through the period by 3% which is a healthy sign for the company.Even though BAs revenues are increased but profits have fallen sharply and converted in a loss l ater on tax profits have become losses and 401 million loss which was enter in year 2009 is very significant. It is specifically down to fuel and oil cost which has increased sharply by 900million and some restructuring is been done in its employees contracts which will give benefits in future.Share price of British Airways was at its peak in 2006/07 but after that there is rapid suitable as shown in graph belowhttp//www.financial-spread-betting.com/ make outs/Spreadbetting-British-Airways.htmlShare price was at 6.60 in 2007and it start dramatically falling and in year 2009 it was as low as to 1.34 .but after that there is a recovery and share price is increasing gradually.The reduction of the carbon footprint was the one step that was taken in early 2008 and has been quite successful in attracting more customers than ever before. The 2009 annual report also stated some of the new IT systems being introduced as well as implemented, given as followsCargo trackingReservation system ULD management systemAIRCOM a technology that provides the location and movement of the aircraft in very timeMovement manager and dispatch manager in flight operations of British AirwaysThe performance of British Airways is very much closely connect to the economic conditions. Therefore, it would be very serious to consider the state of economy. It should first be noted that the economic crisis has badly affected the economy of US and UK, and after the recession economic growth is far less than inflation. The individual economic condition would suffer so it would also be affecting the whole states economy, and based on that the customer base of the airline industry would also be affected as most of the customers would prefer to travel through train for home(prenominal) travel. On the other hand, the consistent downfall in the purchasing power of the consumer as devaluation of pound would also affect the per capita income which would directly impact the consumer base of British A irways.The economic survey held in UK in 2009-10 stated that year 2007 was the worst year for airline industry. The overall decline of 2.4% in the passenger demand was recorded in the year 2007 alone. However, the losses incurred in 2007, as some economic analysts say, had been met in the 2008 year as the profits were higher and losses lesser, which became worst again in 2009. Although there was some relief in fuel bills but economic recession continued to cause a decline in passenger and freight demand. Long term investment in the period 2007 to 2009 specially restructuring of employees and there contracts BA will gain advantage from it in future.Even though BAs financial performance is not great but operationally however, BA is achieving levels of excellence which were never seen in the history of the airline and have won awards for that.Analysis of British Airways using business and financial techniquesBy using different business and financial models heres a brief explanation of value chain and analysis of British Airways value chain.Analysis of British Airways through Value chain analysisThe similar approach as mentioned above in the value chain analysis section would be adopted here, as to develop an understanding of several activities in BA and concerning how it is important in offering the competitive advantage to the firm in discussion.The British Airways have managed to control the system through forward and backward integration.The primary activities for BA to take great care would be considered as followsInbound logistics BA has managed to control the stock. It has also managed to make ongoing relationships with the suppliers.Operations The BA management has enabled to make increased bagged security. The management has also taken steps to mitigate the quick check in services as well as secure online bookings. It has also enabled itself to pre-book additional services.Outbound logistics BA has managed to improve the customer services. It has larger database of airport slots which provide majority of the passengers a facility to access their destinations from preferred airport.Marketing Sales The BA has also developed the selling relations with all the well known and large stake holders.British Airways support ActivitiesThe structured chain of command permits the BA to utilize the multitude of specialist for gaining the competitive advantage of the downsized organizations.The human resource management is the integral part of this analysis. The investment made in the development of the customers through service training in 2007 which attracted the best employees. The surveys and questionnaires appreciate the employees and other support staff to provide the feedback.The technological development is also an integral part for BA to look for keeping the services up to date. BA has managed to add value to the smaller companies due to the floppy resources that can be used to recreate the resources,The size of this business as well a s coalitions and alliances BA has succeeded to make since the long time in history has led to make BA able to leverage the suppliers as well as through the economies of scale for developing efficiency where the other competitors have most of the times failed.Application of Porters five forces to evaluates British Airways performanceThe porters five forces analysis would discuss the negotiating power of the suppliers, and consumers threat posed by the substitute products, and new services or products into the market, as well as the competition in the market.Existing competitors/rivalry.UK airline industry can be divided in two major sectors budget airlines and schedule airlines. Where schedule airlines operate worldwide as well as in Europe. While budget airlines mainly focus on the short distance destination. British Airway has to compete at the same time in both sectors. Market share in relation to their competitors is not very significant.It is important to discuss existing compet ition in the industry because this situation may offer probability or threat and company might have to take some actions e.g. innovation, deliver excellent customer services, research and development.Market share of British Airways in UK can be divided into two categories in respect of long haul and short haul destination. As given below graphs illustrate the long and short haul destinations from the year ended 2004 to 2008.Data Source www.mintel.com (2009)As the above mentioned graph demonstrate that British Airways market share is declining. Graph shows market attractor Delta airline share is reducing significantly since last three years. But there are some airlines industry like Emirates and Singapore airlines capturing more market share. And also low cost carriers like easy potassium has also start flaying to long haul destinations and has shown increase in there market share over the last five year period even though comparatively it is not that much worry as it is in short haul destination market share.Source mintel (2009)The above given graph explains that market share of British Airways increased by 15.6%. But as compare to its competitors easy Jet ,whos market share increased by 106%,BA increase is not significant not significant and Rayanair is market leader and capturing more and more market share every year and over the last 5 year they have recorded 117% increase in there market share.Threat of new entrant. According to Mockler (1994), threat of new entrant indicates the new firm entry in an industry with innovation, new ideas and creativity such elements enable new firms to capture market share.In the case of airline industry the entry barriers are significantly high because it is much more regulative industry. But still in the past there are many new entries in the industries e.g. easy jet which are performing outstandingly as compare to British Airways. Any new entry in that industry could lead British Airways to decrease in profits and rev enues as well as loss of market share.Power of the customersAccording to Mockler et el (1994), determining bargaining power of customers is important for strategy and overall business objectives.The strength of negotiation power of customers of British Airways is nether very high nor very low . Customer have different amiable of choices like low cost airlines e.g. Rynairs airlines, easy Jet etc and schedule airline virgin airlines, BMI airlines etc. Therefore customers have wide range options to choose from and there is no switching cost to customer. Therefore it is important for British Airways keep customer loyalty. Fare levels are very crucial to attract all class of customer and provide them with things which they value. Power of suppliers. The negotiating power of the supplier is always very high as there is always limited number of suppliers in the market e.g. Boeing and air bus. As both of these are major supplier of airplanes in the industry and providing more planes to mor e than 650 airlines. Other major suppliers for airline industry are the oil companies, who are providing oil and energy to many industries and the airline industry is not the major consumer of their products. BA has restriction to choose the oil provider, one who has contracted to supply oil to that airport. BA employees are well unionized and force their power collectively which we have seen in resent strikes.Threat of substitute.Geographically UK is an island and main methods of transportations in past to Europe and rest of the world through the sea or by air. But recently introduction of channel tunnel from UK to France has given another alternate route for travelers to Europe. And introduction of euro star means much faster route to travel to continental Europe compare to airline industry long waiting before boarding and after arrivals. And this has forced some threat to air line industry in UK. But it is not that much significant for BA because it fly all over the world not jus t to continental Europe.Application of SWOT Analysis on British AirwaysThe SWOT analysis would provide a detailed analysis for British Airways concerning its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats.StrengthsBA has a very strong power even in an oligarchic system which gives this firm mental ability to even set the prices not by coming on the pressure of the other competitors by using its differentiation strategy. Major strength of British Airways is that it controls the set down and take of slots at Heathrow air port which is one of the largest airports in the world. BA, as compared to its competitors, is considered as well in a sense it is more equipped with technology and always uses up to date technology, e.g. it relatively has new planes than other firms. It has relatively larger market to target including domestic as well as international customers.WeaknessesMain weakness of British Airways is its suffering financial performance. The high amount of debt that BA had incurred in 2007 was a result of their bad organization of operational activities .British Airways employees are highly unionized which means strikes are still on the cards and BA has a great deal of influence from the UK government in terms of devising several rules. This type of outside mediation can greatly reduce the organizational efficiency. In the organization internally or externally there are lot of issues of trust which are effecting its performance.OpportunitiesBritish Airways have lot of opportunities to exploit in future .Mega sporting events of next decade are to be held in UK including Olympics, cricket, football and rugby events through out .which means BA has opportunities to take advantages .it needs to make strategies to exploit the International market.British Airways also can start flying more flights to other growing economies e.g. China ,India because London is the financial hub .United kingdom is metropolitan so BA can exploit this opportunity and star t flying to other countries from where people are coming more often.Threats.Major threat which is faced to British Airways is from the cost competition. As number of low cost carriers are performing well in last five years it can be speculate that in economic down turn these low cost carriers will perform better.Threats to BA also include the fact that extremism and terrorism has made the whole world its prey and any kind of activity can be expected from such fanatics as well. Additionally, the high interest rates, as well as the depreciating currency have also affected the overall performance and profits. Recently bank of England has announced the inflation rate will be far more than growth so this can lead in to down fall in sales.Financial ratiosThis section will discuss the financial ratios which would analyze the behavior of the firm in terms of the financial performance of BA. The financial ratios are being calculated for the period of 2007-2009 and after the calculation of th e ratios of all the three different periods separately, the results will be move which will compare the financial performance of BA over the three years concerning different periods of times. This section would also develop the detailed account of the use of financial ratios which would also be discusses in terms of what these ratios are determined for and what is the reason and intuition behind each of them regarding the financial ratios calculated. These ratios are used as a standard in building the comparison of BAs performance over a period where different years performance would be compared actually. These can also be compared with the other companies which are in competition with BA, either domestically, or internationally. Calculation of the financial ratios is very important and if the companies do not do this exercise, then they would not be able to track their performance efficiently. The companies will keep themselves in dark if they do not keep the record of the financi al ratios and they would also not be able to keep informed themselves concerning what and how their growth can be made. Interpretation of these ratios can sometimes put up ambiguous results, so the companies do need to the exact calculations and to put those numbers exactly. Now the research would turn to determine the important financial ratios for developing the understanding of the financial performance of the British Airways over a three year period of 2007-2009.Liquidity ratiosThe liquidity ratio is calculated to measure the ability of a certain firm to pay off the bills. Some of the key financial liquidity ratios would be mentioned as follows functional capitalWorking capital is like blood in company, which is necessary to make company operate. Working capital is the measure of the difference of accredited assets and the current liabilities of the company. Working capital is actually operating liquidity which is there for business to operate and is necessary for day to day op erations and it quantify business short term financial health.The equation for the ratio goes as followsWorking Capital = watercourse assets Current liabilitiesThe net working capital of British Airways and Easy jet for the period of 2007-2009 is as followsGraphAs it could be seen from graph that working capital position of British Airways is not very satisfactory, and the negative figure indicate that working capital management is poor so current assets are less than its current liabilities British Airways can be in danger to fade short term financing problems .which can give a little indication of overtrading in some cases .it is clear from the graph that over the three year period its net working capital is gone bad to verse, and from 194 million deficit its now 1820 million deficit. While on the other hand its competitor Easy jets working capital level is relatively inactive over the three year period. Decrease in British Airways working capital was 1439 million from year 200 8 to 2009 which was 377% decrease and it is alarming for its liquidity.Current ratioCurrent ratios indicate business capability to pay its short term debts. Higher current ratio suggests business has more power to pay its obligations. Current ratios pattern takes the assumption that the inventory which is in fact part of the curr

Apple inc.

apple inc.Background of orchard apple tree Incorchard apple tree inc. is a based Ameri discharge corporation that manufactures and designs Smart electronic merchandises ranging from computer software, hardware to other consumer electronics. The party has a an outstanding macintoshintosh face-to-faceised computer line, Mac OS X, for its exceptional dependable practiser base which makes them signifi discounttly stand out, the iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The eminent society has its base in Cupertino, Califonia, having its CEO and founder to be Steve Jobs, the bon ton can beat its chest to having 284 retail locations spreading across 10 different countries.On the1st, of April 1976 apple was established by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the orchard apple tree I personal computer kit. Steve Jobs was said to own 45% of the company, Steve Wozniak with 45% and Wayne with the stay 10%Apple with judgment of conviction has brought about a significant reputation in the consumer electronic aspect. The physical exertionrs of Apple electronics tend to be fascinated about and true-blue to the products and on the other hand those who have no experience with Apples product approximately times criticize them an being too expensive. On August 15, 1998 Apple released the iMac and was able to cover up its past failures which includes the first Apple portable, which was to wrong looking and bulky and the Newtons, Apple in entering the PDA grocery store. In 2001, aft(prenominal) several years of rigorous developments, Apple came up with Mac OS X a universal operating(a) system targeted at both consumers and professionals. The Mac OS X was a different re designs from its former the Mac OS 9 which could not constrain the power of UNIX while offering a streamlined user experience with a simplified GUI (Graphical User Interface). The iMac line of professional computers combined with the Mac OS X regained Apples profitab ility pair with the release of the iPod portable digital audio player, later in the year which was just to crown its productions. The historical success of the iPod created a platform for future product, including the outstrip mobile device in history, the iPhone and the Mac Book line of portable computers and the latest release of the iPad on the 27th of January 2010.IntroductionThis report is based on carrying out a strategic logistic analysis of Apple Inc. with a ken to developing opportunities to develop logistic capabilities of Apple Inc. in this cognizance to the raise analysis, quint forces analysis and Porters Generic strategy, Apples frame sour. Virtually all these strategic models were done from the logistic perspective. This report addressed the main strategic approaches to logistics that can be done by Apple Inc. This report alike look into management issues with regards to the implementation of a new logistics strategy especially from the perspective existing cap ital, proficient and human resources. Finally, this research also helped to evaluate trend and the importance of new technology especially with respect to the future logistics strategy of new companies, critically evaluative the strategic significance of new technology developments and business trends on future logistic strategies for Apple Inc.Its BusinessApple Inc. success in the IT world is as a result of the ample range of products varieties portfolio and the strength of the Mac OS X technology.Good brand loyalty.Giving a face-lift to desktop and notebook lines.Well k immediatelyn hardware and software products, the iPod, iPhone, Macintosh Computer, Mac operating system, iTunes.Apple Inc. sells a wide range of third-party Macintosh (Mac), iPhone and iPod compatible products, including application software, printers, stock devices, speakers, headphones, and different other accessories and peripherals via its online and retail stores, and digital content and applications thr ough the iTunes Store.Apple Inc. sells to consumer, small and midsized business, education, enterprise, government and creative nodes.Swot analysisThe Apple SWOT digest the source for the top level management and data information. The analysis puts in view the organizations essential business structure and all its activities and gives the update of the gross lines and strategy. (Data monitoring device April 2009,page 30)StrengthsApple Inc. major in developing its own software and hardware.iTunes Music store generates much revenue and the iPod which has easy accessibility on the Windows platform.Apple has an alcove audience that gives the organization some deceleration from the direct equipment casualty competition.Providing a whole new dimension to desktop and computer lines.Its online access technology can be used to promote product awareness and sales.Has more maneuverable low debt ability.Excellent brand loyalty is associated with Apple Inc.Affiliation with Intel computers in 2006 gutter date.Powerful research and development department.WeaknessesNo strong connection between Intel and Microsoft.Weak domilanded estate in business sector.Most Apple product has a very short life cycle which causes revenues to focus on the release of new products and services.Having to major its market in the education and publishing not in other markets.Slow turn around on high demand products.Its market is lacking way behind its Major competitor Microsoft.Past chat between the founder and employee which brought about its loss of reputation.OpportunitiesLarge market population which tend to be brand driven.High rate of virus on personal computers to provide a constant market for its anti virus softwares.The ties of apple other companies are weak, Apple can develop good relationship for reciprocal ventures.The high rate of music downloads and Mp3 are increasingly marketable.The sale of computer via the online platform are on the increase.The laptop market growth is in creasing so Apple Computers should concentrate on the improvement and development of new models to satisfy the needs of individual customer.ThreatsIncompatibility with other organizations softwares.Dell, HP, Sony and Toshiba are major competitors facing Apple in the laptop sector.Free download of music and other software is common with other sites which has high impact on sales for online store sales of music and MP3 download.High values of its product compared to its competitors which make them loose their market.The long drop deading recession may impact the sales of the company due to higher prices of the products and services.The creation of the new Microsoft vista windows 7 which is gaining market share.Speedy change in technology is on the increase.The SWOT analysis above gives us a view that Apple Inc. has strengths that it can use to further develop the brand and invariably increasing its market and gaining an edge over its major competitors. Apple is a company with gr oovy success, the iPod music player sales increased its second quarter profit to $320in June 2005 same with its Macintosh computers. The iPod allows the company to in viewing other segments to go into. Apples Mac note books also contri just nowe to the Apples high income. The brand name is one of the most popular brand names in the world, which offers good customer views of its products in the customers satisfaction.Early in 2005 Apple made an announcement on the putting an end to its relationship with IBM the supplier of their micro chips and switch to Intel specialists commented on locution it may make them loose their customers confusion. There is weight on the company to pump up the price of its Mp3 and music download from the music industry since most other company make their income from iTunes than selling their compact discs, Apple has made sales of 22million on sales of its music player the iPod and further sales of 500million on the downloading of songs from its iTunes sto re. This shows a statistic of 82% of legitimate downloaded music in the US.The development of the iTunes music store to ease users on tracking their music and downloading it, this was made available, and by the use of the USB cable. Software was made in such a way it allows the pausing of music on incoming calls. There is a great deal of new technological strategies alliance opportunity for Apple. another new software is the Podcast which are downloadable media which is done via the internet and plated back on later events that suits the user. It has a free subscription which Apple can make it a paid subscription to generate more incomeThe biggest fear of Apple Inc is the high level of competition in the IT markets. As a successful company the rate of competition is high so the company has to work rigorously on its market research in order to maintain and halt its postal service in the market The vast popularity of iPod and Apple Mac are on high demand, and will be affected if eco nomies begin to falter and demand locomote for their products. The level of close product substitution effect in the innovative and refrain moving IT market. There for the iPod and MP3 are in the trend today, but scarcely yesterday it was CD, DAT, and Vinyl. The future technology might be completely different and the music player could be displaced by the Wireless technologies.Five forces analysisThe five forces strategic analysis was developed by Michael Porter. The Five forces framework is widely used as a type of industry analysis b (Johnson et al., 2005). The appreciation of the way each of the five forces allow organizations have the basic insight in allowing them model the best fit strategies to be successful in their market (Thurlby, 1998).Apple operates in two primary industriesComputing Hardware and SoftwareDelivery of Entertainment and MediaApple has always been under intense competition inside the computer, software, and entertainment industries.Figure 1 Five forces analysis for Apple IncCompetitorsApple Inc top competitors include Dell, Microsoft, HP, Alien ware, Gateway, IBM.Strategic positioningStrategic position is aimed at achieving profitability and competitive advantage. Apples strategic position is to offer users the best computing experience by innovating in hardware, software, and Internet offerings.Environmental Analysis of Apple Inc.Apple, Inc operates as a multi internal corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and computer software products. The external environment is the institutions and people outside a business organization that affect it these include field and local government, trade unions, competitors, customers, suppliers, etc. The external environment is one of the contingency factors that has to be taken into account in designing an organization.( Ed. Jonathan Law.)The external environment has one-third components the remote macroeconomic environment, the industry environment, and the operating e nvironment within the organization itself. There are find macroeconomic variables that affect Apple inflation, unemployment, and competition.The first key macroeconomic variable that affects Apple is inflation. Inflation in an economy can be the result of an increase in aggregate demand that is unaccompanied by an increase in aggregate tack. A rise in any component of aggregate demand can bring about inflation. One mind for a sharp, unanticipated rise in aggregate demand can be an unanticipated rise in the supply of money. Inflation can also result from a decrease in aggregate supply that occurs when businesses find that production inputs have risen in price. Such occurs when labor costs and the price of raw materials such as plastics or metals. Decreases in productivity can also have a negative impact on aggregate supply and, in that locationfore, cause a rise in prices. Apple has been in a situation where the aggregate demand for the iPod touch and the iPhone have been reall y high but the prices for these products it as a reasonable cost to the consumer.Another key macroeconomic variable that affects Apple Inc is unemployment. The unemployment rate is the percentage of people who are not on the job(p) but who are actively seeking employment. Shifts in labor market that can create unemployment. At any given time the unemployment rates may differ greatly among nations. Two reasons for the difference areDifferent natural rates of unemployment andNations may be in different phases of business cycle.McConnell C.R. and Brue S.L. (2004, p. 140). Between 2001 and 2006 the united States unemployment rate was considerably lower than that of Canada. If the unemployment rate is high then that means Apple may have had to lay off a bunch of employees because of the economy. If there arent many employees working at Apple then productivity will go down. Wages are an industry variable that is determined by the unemployment rate. If the economy is bad and Apple had to lay off employees then the wages of the existing employees may not go up for a long period of time or may even go down.The last key macroeconomic variable that affects Apple is gross domestic product (GDP). The gross domestic product (GDP) is a basic mea indisputable of a countrys economic performance and is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a nation in a year. It is a fundamental measurement of production and is very often positively correlated with the standard of living. If there is an announcement in the news program that there has been an increase in the GDP this will be an indication that the economy is, in all likelihood, in a growth phase. If the GDP turn is comparatively weak or declining, this reflects a negative economic environment for the country, indicating a depressed economy. The world economy is depressed and facing a great recession. These facts will lead consumers finding themselves with less disposable income which will eventually cause them not to spend much consumption on luxury products. Apple will be largely influenced by the reluctant consumption needs. However, Apple has wear out positioned itself in the market. The introduction of new iPhone with a relatively cheap price is reflecting a very good sales strategy to accelerate consumption. Apple has successfully sustained a better profit rate in the last three years despite global economy slow down. However, there is no company that can always increase its profit while the national GDP is decreasing.There are many opportunities and challenges that exist for Apple, Inc. A big opportunity that Apple has is they open their stores in a slow, even-handed way to make sure each one is profitable. Other companies that over extended themselves in the boom could have to pull back drastically as their customers are reluctant to spend. That opens opportunities for Apple to negotiate more favorable lease terms in struggling shopping malls. Another opport unity would be that as Apple opens more and more international stores, that sector of Apples business will be less and less affected by financial troubles in the U.S. An ongoing challenge that Apple faces is guardianship the price of their products affordable. Apples business plan includes pricing their products so the consumer can afford them. Even with the current recession Apple is still making a high profit from their computers and electronics. Another challenge according to( www.macobserver.com), Apples Mac growth is three times the average PC sales growth, and theyve sold 120 million iPods, interment the competition. Apple has branched out into the mobile phone market gaining even more consumer awareness. As a result, Apple has had to invest heavily in customer service. Some wonder if they can keep up the pace.Implementing a new logistics strategy within an organizationApple has historically taken a farthermost different path than the traditional Windows and Intel combinatio n. Microsoft provides the Windows operating system to separate downstream hardware producers such as Dell. Apple vertically integrated both the operating system software and hardware completely under Apple. A consumer delineatening Microsoft Windows can choose from a myriad of systems based on the Intel processor, while a consumer running Apples OS X must purchase Apple hardware.Apple is adjusting this strategy by migrating their microprocessors from IBM and Motorola PowerPC to Intel. Analysts believe that the Intel-based Macintosh may be able to run Microsoft Windows applications by the end of 2006. (Burrows)In addition to switching processors, Apple positioned their computers as an immediate option for the traditional Microsoft Windows user. With Apple Boot Camp, users may now use Mac OS X or Windows on an Apple computer. (Sutherland).By allowing users to run Windows on an Intel Mac, Apple reduced the switching costs for traditional PC users. Apple may steal away customers that a re involuntary to pay a premium for a system that runs both Windows and Mac OS X.Apple continues to retain a strategic option to emancipation its technology to clone makers such as Dell. Past attempts at licensing Apple technology (to IBM, Gateway, and others) failed on accord of Apples besotted demands. Many technology leaders (such as a 1985 letter by Bill Gates to Apple CEO John Sculley) criticized Apple for keeping a closed architecture. Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak criticizes this strategy, We had the most beautiful operating system, but to get it you had to buy our hardware at twice the price. That was a mistake.Whether Apple would be willing to pursue this reversal of vertical integration is unclear. Although such a move would cannibalize a portion of Apples own hardware sales, it would also provide royalty-based revenue that could approach $1 billion annually. (Burrows) Jobs traditionally sided against licensing Apple technology. He referred to Mac clone producers as lee ches and he personally killed Power Computing by terminating their license in 1997.Increasing inventryDespite a weakening economy and a need to meet customer demand, Apple has been able to maintain a fast inventory turnover rate. The Mac and iPhone maker is sitting at five days worth of inventory on any given day, beating Dells vii days worth of inventory, according to data from UBS.Other PC makers are having even more trouble matching Apples inventory efficiency. Lenovo, for example, is averaging 15 days of inventory, and HP is sitting at 32 days. Intel, however, is showing a much slower inventory turnover rate at 89 days, and D-Link is sitting on a staggering 131 days worth of inventory.Apples quick turnover rate may have been due in part to preparing for its just announced iMac, Mac miniskirt and Mac Pro updates. The company released new desktop computer. Models on March 3, and keeping inventory low helped assure that there would be fewer of the previous model machines sitting on store shelves. While maintaining a higher inventory level can help a company cope with sudden increases in demand, it can also show a companys inability to adequately gauge market interest in their products. For now, it looks like Apple is managing inventory better than its competition. (Jeff Gamet)Future logistic strategies for Apple IncThe development of Apples coverage device and Once developed the Apple convergence device will provide a wide range of functions and powerful processing capability that can be applied to the field of medical care to enhance efficiency and modernize the industry. Apple should work with medical device companies and care providers to develop a set of criteria for necessary capabilities for consideration in developing the platform.The device will function as an inbuilt part of an overhauled recordkeeping, care giving, and medical administrative system modernized for the twenty-first century. The device and software it runs will make use of compatibl e equipment to measure, document, and file measurements, symptoms, and diagnosing in an easily accessible and fully-portable medical files system. The system will help to streamline care giving, administration, and claims filing, by eliminating mountains of paperwork and cumbersome filing systems.ConclusionThis research will give the reader an overview of the logistics implementation strategy adopted by Apple Inc and how the organisation can help improve its supply chain network now and in the nearest future.Referencehttp//www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/ words/65346.aspxixzz0jRgxpiYB Michael Doughertyhttp//www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/555326 Data monitor April 2009,page 30Apple SWOT Analysis. November 23rd, 2009 Adam Posted in Marketing www.mba-tutorials.com/marketing/273-apple-swot-analysis.htmlJeff Gamethttp//www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple_beats_competitors_at_inventory_turn_over/http//marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_fivefoces.htmThurlby B (1998) Compe titive forces are also subject to change, Management Decision LondonJohnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington (2008) Exploring corporate strategy text and cases. London Prentice HallMcConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L. (2002).. economic science Principles, Problems http//www.macobserver.com.http//www.spoke.com/info/pY9wQEu/KarenBurrows

The Destructive Nature of Man Depicted in Keyes Flowers for Algernon E

Imagine how you would feel if you were always universe treated as though you were non hu opus, or if people acted as though they created you. Well this is how you would feel if you were the subject of a science experiment. Science experiments should not be performed on domain or animals because of the unkn protest outcome. Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes shows a withering nature of man through stereotypes, absence of family, and the various IQ levels unavoidable to mature. Scientific experimentation shows a destructive nature of man through stereotypes. Stereotypes ar cruel and heartless. He makes the same mistakes as the others when they look at a feeble-minded person and laugh because they striket understand there are human feelings involved. He doesnt realise I was a person in front I came here. (Keyes, 145) Before the process Charlie was looked down upon because of his mental state. However, after the surgery he is treated like he was made by the scientists, as th ough he was their rattling own Frankenstein. This is a destructive nature of man because after the surgery Charlie finds out that his so called friends have been making fun of him his intact life. Stereotypes show a destructive nature of man. People with mental illness are depicted as burdens to society and incapable of contributing in ordained ways to their communities. (Edney) Through this oblige the reader knows this statement is false, because Charlie is able to function fairly well in society, considering he has a job and he is doing very well there. Stereotypes show a destructive nature of man because they belittle people and make them feel worthless.There is a destructive nature of man is shown in Daniel Keyes Flowers for Algernon through the absence of family. Sci... ...es not necessarily mean just a fully grown up individual it is a combination of age, awareness, word and conclusion making ability. (V, Jayram) when you are intelligent you are able to become mature. W hen Charlie is trying to decide whether or not to tell Donner about Gimpy, this shows he is decorous more mature because of his decision making ability. This proves that there is a destructive nature of man shown through the various IQ levels necessary to mature.In the end, Charlie is returned to his previous(prenominal) mental state proving that scientific experimentation leads to a destructive nature of man. In Flowers for Algernon Daniel Keyes shows the reader a destructive nature of man through stereotypes, absence of family, and the various IQ levels needed to mature. Therefore, science experiments should be left for chemicals and labs not humans and animals. The Destructive Nature of Man Depicted in Keyes Flowers for Algernon EImagine how you would feel if you were always being treated as though you were not human, or if people acted as though they created you. Well this is how you would feel if you were the subject of a science experiment. Science experiments should not be performed on humans or animals because of the unknown outcome. Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes shows a destructive nature of man through stereotypes, absence of family, and the various IQ levels needed to mature. Scientific experimentation shows a destructive nature of man through stereotypes. Stereotypes are cruel and heartless. He makes the same mistakes as the others when they look at a feeble-minded person and laugh because they dont understand there are human feelings involved. He doesnt realise I was a person before I came here. (Keyes, 145) Before the surgery Charlie was looked down upon because of his mental state. However, after the surgery he is treated like he was made by the scientists, as though he was their very own Frankenstein. This is a destructive nature of man because after the surgery Charlie finds out that his so called friends have been making fun of him his whole life. Stereotypes show a destructive nature of man. People with men tal illness are depicted as burdens to society and incapable of contributing in positive ways to their communities. (Edney) Through this book the reader knows this statement is false, because Charlie is able to function fairly well in society, considering he has a job and he is doing very well there. Stereotypes show a destructive nature of man because they belittle people and make them feel worthless.There is a destructive nature of man is shown in Daniel Keyes Flowers for Algernon through the absence of family. Sci... ...es not necessarily mean just a fully grown up individual it is a combination of age, awareness, intelligence and decision making ability. (V, Jayram) when you are intelligent you are able to become mature. When Charlie is trying to decide whether or not to tell Donner about Gimpy, this shows he is becoming more mature because of his decision making ability. This proves that there is a destructive nature of man shown through the various IQ levels needed to mature. In the end, Charlie is returned to his previous mental state proving that scientific experimentation leads to a destructive nature of man. In Flowers for Algernon Daniel Keyes shows the reader a destructive nature of man through stereotypes, absence of family, and the various IQ levels needed to mature. Therefore, science experiments should be left for chemicals and labs not humans and animals.

Free Song of Solomon Essays: Milkmans Search for Self :: Song Solomon essays

Milkmans Search for Self in Song of Solomon   Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon is the story of Milkmans search for self. Milkman appears destined for a life of isolation and self-alienation. The Deads exemplify the patriarchal, nuclear family that has been a stable and critical feature of American society. The family is the institution for producing children, maintaining them, and providing individuals with the means to understand their place in the world order. But this nuclear patriarchal family creates umpteen of the problems it should be solving.   What represses the Deads is the father, Macon his single-minded ambition, his unscrupulous greed, his materialism, and his lack of nurturing his family. Macon does not concentrate on being a loving and nurturing father instead he concentrates on another aspect of paternity, the acquisition of property. Macon aspires to own property and other people as well as. His words to his son, Let me tell you right now the ane importan t thing that youll perpetu whollyy need to know Own things. And let the things you own own other things too. Then youll own yourself and other people too. The owning of things as well as other people is a rather remarkable statement, coming from a descendant of slaves. Macon has not inherited this trace from his father, even though he mistakenly thinks so. His father had owned things that grew other things, not owned other things.   Pilate Dead, Macons younger sister, is a marked contrast to her buddy and his family. Macon has a love of property and money, and this determines the nature of his relationships with others. Pilate has a sheer disregard for status, occupation, hygiene, and manners, and has the capability to respect, love, and trust. Her self-sufficiency and isolation prevent her from being trapped or destroyed by the decaying values that threaten her brothers life.   The first part of the novel details the birth of Macon Dead III, the first black baby to ever be born at Mercy Hospital, which has been named by the African American community as No-Mercy Hospital. He acquires the name Milkman when people learn that his mother is tranquillise nursing him long after it is considered normal to do so. His father, Macon Dead, is a cold, insensitive man who places undue importance on material wealth and intimidates all he comes into contact with. Macon forbids Milkman to visit his Aunt Pilate because her eccentric ways, her unkempt appearance, and her stubborn insistence in making bootleg liquor embarrass him.